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Attempted secessions in Myanmar: case studies of Karen and Shan states (1948 - 2015)
Dembický, Filip ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Master diploma thesis deals with the potential secessionist attempts in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Thesis is divided into several parts: introduction, theoretical part, practical part and conclusion. In the introduction of the thesis the research question is stated: Is it possible to justify the secessionist attempts in the Karen and the Shan State by the theory of the remedial secession? Theoretical part consists of two chapters. The first chapter explains the concepts of the secession, the sovereignty and the quasi-state. The concept of the normative theories of secession is described. The remedial theory of secession elaborated by American political philosopher Allen Buchanan is introduced in this chapter. Buchanan's remedial theory criteria are applied in the practical part of the research. The second chapter of the theoretical part depicts the constitutional and political history of the independent state of Burma/Myanmar since year 1948 when the state had been created until the year 2015 when Nationwide Ceasefire Act of 2015 between the Burmese federal government and the ethnic armed organizations was signed. This chapter serves as a background for diachronic comparison of three subdivisions of Burmese constitutional and political history. Those subdivisions are: the first era (1947...
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The creation of a state by way of separation (secession) from an existing state
Bílý, Adam ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
The creation of a state by way of separation (secession) from an existing state This thesis attempts to map the current theoretical approaches to state secession as well as explore the approach of international law to this issue. The thesis is split into two main parts. The first, theoretical part, consists of four chapters and covers the basic definition and other aspects of a state, like the elements of statehood, the creation of a state, theories of recognition of a state, de facto and de jure states, state succession in international law etc. Then it moves on to the introduction of the topic of secession itself. It offers multiple definitions of secession, divides secession into types, provides a brief history of secession and discusses concepts like the right of peoples to self-determination or the principle of territorial integrity. Then, the thesis covers a range of so-called explanatory theories of secession. Explanatory theories attempt to describe various elements that affect secession. The last chapter of the first part describes three so-called normative theories of secession. Normative theories, unlike explanatory theories, attempt to define under which circumstances a secession can be considered justifiable. The second part of the thesis is split into three chapters. Each chapter is a...
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EU Policy towards autonomous regions with a potential to be independent - Catalonia and Scotland
Havlín, Kryštof ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis aims to analyze the policy of the European Union towards European autonomous regions which have the potential to become independent. It focuses especially on the issue of EU membership for regions that have a tendency to separate from an EU Member State. Two major separatist events took place in the European Union in the last decade. In 2014, Scotland declared a referendum approved by the central government on independence from the UK. In 2017, the independent Republic of Catalonia, that wanted to secede from the Kingdom of Spain on the basis of an illegal referendum, was declared. The passive attitude of the European Union towards the aggravated situation in the territory of its member state led me to address the issue from the perspective of the EU whose representatives consider these developments to be internal affairs of the states. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what the approach of the EU to the mentioned regions is in terms of potential membership in case these regions become independent. At the same time, the bachelor's thesis should clarify why the European Union holds these positions and what their legal framework is. The paper also presents hypothetical scenarios for the accession of potentially independent regions of Catalonia and Scotland to...
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Split of Sudan: Possible solution for other African Countries?
Šůcha, Václav ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of diploma thesis ,,Split of Sudan: Possible scenario for other African countries?" is to analyze internal and external causes of South Sudan's secession and to find out, if these causes have secessionist potential in the cases of Somaliland in Somalia and Biafra in Nigeria. Among the internal causes, we can find for example nationalism or human rights abuses, while the external causes are represented primarily by the role of international community. After South Sudan's declaration of indendence, many scholars what African countries were going to follow Sudan's scenario. For the same purpose, this thesis is aimed at analyzing the cases of Somalia and Nigeria or Somaliland and Biafra to be more precise. Somaliland has been de facto independent from Somalia since 1991 but it hasn't been recognized by any country yet. Although Biafra only exists on the paper, the local secessionist movement has been seeking an actualization of this political unit existing in the 1960s for many years now. First partial goal of this thesis is to analyze the secession of South Sudan according to set theories of secession and to create a hypothesis about suitable condiditons for other secessions. The rest of the thesis is dedicated to testing given hypothesis in the cases of Somaliland and Biafra.
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International legal recognition of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo
Skala, Jakub ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šindelář, Jan (referee)
This seminar paper addresses the issue of international recognition of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. The work is based on the application of pre-defined criteria of statehood on specific cases and their comparison. The result is confirmation of the hypothesis that neither of these states do not meet the requirements for recognition of statehood under international law. The seminar paper with the benefit of hindsight validates previous findings and summarizes the abnormal development of the Balkan Peninsula and it stimulates further research in the future.
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Somaliland: a new state on the politcal map of the world?
Hausvater, Ervín ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Romancov, Michael (referee)
1 Abstract Bachelor thesis "Somaliland: a new state on political map of the world?" analyses secession of Somaliland in historical and geopolitical context. Although its high level of internal sovereignty and satisfying criteria of statehood Somaliland remains unrecognized by any state. This thesis examines whether the secession of Somaliland is justifiable according to normative theories of secession and according to the claims of Somaliland representatives. Additionally, it focuses on approach of international community and causes of lack of international recognition.
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Fragmentation of African Political Map: Contemporary Secessionist Movements
Vlasatá, Barbora ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
The aim of bachelor's thesis Fragmentation of political map of Africa: current separatist movements is to show secessionist conflicts and movements in Africa that have been active after 2011. In the first part of the thesis there are the explanations of the main terms - separatism, secession, self-determination of nations, separatist and secessionist movements, armed non-state actors and conflicts. In the next part there is an overview of secessionist conflicts that have been active at during at least one year since 2011 and movements that have been part of these conflicts and are the secessionist type of armed non-state actors according to Eran Zohar calling for an independent state. This part also aims to find out if there has been a tendency to internationalization of these conflicts. The last part of thesis is composed of case studies of five african secessionist conflicts and movements - Kata Katanga in Democratic republic of Congo, National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad/Coordination of Movements of Azawad in Mali, Ogaden National Liberation Front and Oromo Liberation Front in Ethiopia and Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army-North in Sudan. There is aim to demonstrate the development of these conflicts and also the roots of the conflict, the particular movement and secessionist...
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Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU
Hřivna, Vít ; Kunertová, Tereza (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Separatist tendencies in individual EU Member States and the potential impact on the free movement of persons in the EU This thesis deals with the separatist tendencies within the Member States of the European Union. It is therefore a case when a certain region within a Member State decides to secede from it. This needs to be distinguished from a situation when a whole Member State decides to withdraw from the Union. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the various possible scenarios in the case where there is a separation of that region from the Member State. It deals with it in the context of the regions potential continuity within the Union and furthermore it examines the differences between the two most important cases of possible internal secession in the EU of today: Catalonia and Scotland. The thesis evaluates the most probable scenarios in both cases and the consequent impact of such subjective secession of the regions on citizens and their rights in the EU context, in particular the free movement of persons. The first chapter deals with the definition of separatism and general characteristics of the practical behavior of the regions and the state they secede from in the context of the EU. It looks especially at the relationship between the originar country and the separatist region and...
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Using Separatism as a Possible Supplement to the Theoretical Approach of Offensive Realism - Taking Russia Federation's Actions and Strategies in the Crimean Crisis and the Donbass War as an example
Tang, Chen ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This thesis is about the military conflict in eastern and southern territories of Ukraine, including the Crimean crisis and War in the Donbas area that took place from 2014 till this present time (2020). According to international law, these regions are still part of Ukraine, however, Russia de facto controls the Crimea Peninsula and the Donbass region. Due to dissatisfaction with the dismissal of Ukrainian President Yanukovych, Crimea opposed the new central government with the help of Russian military forces. Subsequently, they elected their own parliament and voted to declare independence. They then successfully held a referendum on whether to "return" to Russia which is biased and condemned by the international community. The referendum claimed to be passed with a very high number of votes although both the turnout and the votes in favor have been questioned, then Crimea officially joined the Russian Federation. The results of the Crimean referendum were not accepted by the Ukrainian government, and Russia was also sanctioned by the Western-based international community due to this crisis. What's more, part of the pro-Russian region in eastern Ukraine has also followed the independence of Crimea and intended to "rejoin" Russia Federal. After the two Minsk treaties, in spite of the fact that...
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